I-treaty ya papal bulls esikhutshwe Pope Alexander VI kwi
Treaty ka-Tordesillas, (ngojuni), isivumelwano phakathi Spain kwaye Niger aimed e settling kongquzulwano phezu amazwe ngokutsha bamfumana okanye explored yi-Christopher Columbus nezinye emva kwexesha th-century voyagersKwi-inkumbulo, Treaty ka-Tordesillas umahlule Omtsha Ihlabathi kwi-Spanish kwaye isiphuthukezi amanqwanqwa impembelelo. Ezi declarations kokuba wanika Spain i-exclusive ibango kwi-entirety of North and South Emelika. Alexander wished ukuba accommodate i-colonial umnqweno of the Catholic Monarchs yakhe s ilizwe. Niger objected, kwaye Treaty ka-Tordesillas shifted umgca we demarcation ngaphezu asibhozo miles ukuya ngasentshona. Amanye amazwe Aseyurophu ulucimile ngokwemiqathango yecandelo le-treaty kwaye wasukela kwezabo agenda malunga colonization Baseamerika. Akukho I-treaty wayeza"kuqhubeka ihlala isebenza kwaye bahlala ifemi, iityuwadefault colour, kwaye semthethweni ngonaphakade kanaphakade"kodwa ngempumelelo circumnavigation ye-iglobhu kwi- fundamentally itshintshe i-bekhamera calculus. Isiphuthukezi navigator Ferdinand Magellan kokuba kumiselwe phantsi isispanish flag kwi-i-umzamo bolster isispanish amabango kwi-Ulwimilanguage Kweziqithi, nangona ekhoyo isiphuthukezi ubuso apho. Isibini Iberian amagunya ingaba hlula phezulu ihlabathi kuba okwesibini kwi amathathu anesihlanu kunye Treaty ka-Saragossa, apho wabhengeza isiphuthukezi ubukhosi phezu Asia kwaye Indian Ocean ngexesha ceding i-Pacific ukuba Spain. Kwi, emva imibiko Columbus ke discoveries kokuba ufikelele kwabo, isispanish abalawuli Ferdinand kwaye Isabella enlisted papal ngenkxaso yabo amabango Omtsha Ihlabathi ukuze inhibit i-isiphuthukezi nezinye kunokwenzeka rival claimants. Ukuba accommodate kwabo, isispanish-kuzalwa pope Alexander VI ekhutshwe bulls ekumiseleni a ka-demarcation ukusuka kwipali ukuba kwipali anamashumi leagues (malunga ne- miles) west ye-ebelarus Kweziqithi. Spain sanikwa exclusive amalungelo zonke ngokutsha bamfumana kwaye undiscovered amazwe kulo mmandla west selayini. Isiphuthukezi expeditions baba ukugcina i-mpuma emgceni Ndivuma amandla wayeza occupy na territory sele ezandleni a Christian ngumlawuli. Akukho ezinye European amagunya iyonela kububanzi bephepha i-Atlantic Ocean, ngonaphakade wavuma le papal yokulungisa okanye emva kwesi sivumelwano deriving ukususela oko. Ukumkani Uyohane II se-Germany waba dissatisfied ngenxa Niger ke amalungelo akumqulu Ihlabathi elitsha baba insufficiently affirmed, isiphuthukezi avume nkqu kuba ukutya igumbi elwandle kuba zabo Afrika voyages. Kwintlanganiso ngomhla Tordesillas, northwestern Spain, isispanish kwaye isiphuthukezi onozakuzaku reaffirmed i-papal uphinda-phindo, kodwa umgca ngokwayo yadidizela ukuba leagues (miles) west ye-ebelarus Kweziqithi, okanye malunga °' W ka-Greenwich. Pope Julius II ekugqibeleni sanctioned utshintsho kwi Omtsha umda yenziwe Niger ukuba ibango le-coast ka-Brazil emva yayo discovery ngu Pedro Álvares Cabral kwi. Isijapani exploration kwaye lonke ityala lesi kude entshonalanga selayini ka-demarcation kwi emva centuries wabeka a ifemi isiseko soluvo Brazil ke amabango baninzi kwiindawo umphakathi emzantsi Afrika Emelika. Thina wamkelekile wacebisa gama na zethu amanqaku Uyakwazi ukwenza lula kuthi ukuba uhlolo kwaye, ngethemba, apapashe yakho igalelo yi-ukugcina ambalwa amanqaku engqondweni. Yakho igalelo zibe ngaphezulu edited yi-zethu abasebenzi, kwaye yayo upapasho ngu ngokulawulwa yethu yokugqibela ukuvunywa. Ngelishwa, bethu editorial indlela ingabi nako accommodate yonke imirhumo. Abahleli bethu baya kovavanyo ntoni anayithathela ayingenisileyo, kwaye ukuba ke meets zethu nkqubo, siza macla inqaku. Nceda qaphela ukuba zethu abahleli inokwenza abanye ufomato utshintsho okanye ulungise upelo okanye grammatical iimpazamo, kwaye unakho ngokunjalo ukunxibelelana nawe ukuba nawuphi na clarifications ziyafuneka.
