Brazil yi ye-ofisi kamongameli Federal Kwiriphabliki bamisela yi-Union, states kwaye oomasipala. Kwizakhiwo ngu umahlule ngo esinolawulo Oluphezulu, yowiso-Mthetho kwaye Matyala amagunya, ngolohlobo Argentina, e-Australia, Ecanada, e-United States kwaye namanye amazweNgokobulungisa umsebenzi izimele ukususela Congress kwaye Umongameli. Ke umahlule ngokufanayo Federal Ubulungisa kwaye specialized Federal Lobulungisa, leyo jonga ukuba Asebenze, Yonyulo kwaye Military Federal Iinkundla. Ngamnye enye yezi iindawo, ngoko ke, umahlule ngo ezimbini stages ka-asivunywanga babiziweyo meko. Inkqubo unako ukuqalwa lokuqala isehlo inkundla, apho kuya get isigqibo ukusuka ijaji. Ngoko, ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba awuvumelani nesisigqibo nomzuzu isehlo inkundla, zingenele isigqibo made lokuqala omnye. Inkqubo nje finishes xa bonke namathuba ka-isibheno end I-Supreme Federal Inkundla ngu ephezulu umzimba ezomthetho. Oko abalindi-Siseko, ekubeni omnye eliphathiswe prosecution nesigwebo le iimeko apho ufumana thathwa ukuba ibe threat okanye ukwaphulwa komthetho-siseko izibonelelo. Oko iqulathe elinanye-mphathiswa kwi amathathu anesihlanu ku amathandathu anesihlanu ubudala ukuba ingaba notable kwi-Matyala zithetha kwaye ingaba otyunjwe Ngumongameli weriphabliki, emva Yeengwevu ke, ukuvunywa. I-STF kanjalo omnye kwi amandla prosecute nomgwebi eyakhe abaphathiswa xa bathe wanikela encinci kwaye ngokufanayo offenses, ngokunjalo Umongameli weriphabliki, usekela kamongameli-mongameli, abaphathiswa National Congress kwaye Jikelele Prosecutor. Kanjalo lwabagwebi eqhelekileyo offenses okanye yolwaphulo-mthetho luxanduva abaphathiswa yombuso, Superior Iinkundla kunye Isijapani Inkundla zophicotho-Zincwadi. I-STJ linoxanduva standardizing ukutolikwa ye-federal umthetho kulo lonke-Brazil, i-minding kwinkundla yezomgaqo-siseko nemithetho-siseko guaranteeing kwaye wayekhusela umthetho umthetho. Likwakwazi yokugqibela umzekelo we-Isijapani Ubulungisa kuba infraconstitutinal yenza (apho kukho okkt ezingekho kuchaziwe kumgaqo-Siseko, kodwa sifunekayo kwi-Siseko izilungiso kuwo).
Kanjalo lwabagwebi, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko apho involve governors ye-states kwaye Federal Wesithili dibanisa, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko kwaye yolwaphulo-mthetho uxanduva inikele nge-abagwebi ka-Superior Inkundla nabagwebi ye-Federal, Jonga, Yonyulo kwaye Basebenze Iinkundla, kwaye amanye amagunya Ngayo lwabagwebi habeas corpus ukuba ibandakanya ezi amagunya okanye Imeko-Mphathiswa, ngaphandle kokuba xa kunjalo ngu enxulumene Yonyulo Ubulungisa.
Ngowe, STJ waqala ukuze ukwazi nokuchaza i concession ka-iileta rogatory (apho kukho kulandelwe isicelo ngenxa yokufumana-matyala uncedo oluvela ngaphesheya xa kungekho treaty okanye oluphezulu kwesi sivumelwano) kwaye prosecute kwaye kugweba homologation ka-langaphandle izivakalisi, apho kusetyenziswa kwenziwa yi-STF. I-STJ iqulathe amashumi amathathu abaphathiswa abakhoyo otyunjwe Ngumongameli we Kwiriphabliki emva Yeengwevu ke, ukuvunywa. I-TST ke umsebenzi kwi-delta - sebenza imithetho kuzo zonke iindawo Brazil. Oko iqulathe amabini anesixhenxe Abaphathiswa abakhoyo phakathi iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu kwaye engamashumi amathandathu anesihlanu, kwaye baba otyunjwe Ngumongameli weriphabliki emva Yeengwevu ke, ukuvunywa. TST isebenza ngokusebenzisa ezinye izahlulo na Epheleleyo Inkundla kwaye Specialized Amacandelo. Kanjalo sele ezintathu osisigxina commissions I-TST ke ngoku umongameli Umphathiswa João Oreste Dalazen.
TSE imisebenzi kunye Jonga Yonyulo Iinkundla (TREs) kwaye yakhiwe ezisixhenxe mphathiswa - ezintathu ukusuka Supreme Federal Inkundla, ezimbini ukusuka Superior Inkundla of Justice and abameli ababini kwi-matyala udidi (abaqondisi-mthetho kunye notable-matyala ulwazi aptitude).
Oko regulates unyulo nemigaqo-nkqubo, guaranteeing ukuba ezopolitiko amandla ngu accomplished yi-Isijapani voters. Ayithethi ukuba ukulawula amaqela ezopolitiko, kodwa khangela kwabo, njani abo get zabo zemali izixhobo zokusebenza kwaye njani abo ukuchitha kuyo. I-Superior Yonyulo Inkundla kwakhona unoxanduva ngokukhetha iindawo apho unyulo kuya kwenzeka, ukwenza inspections kunye nokunika ingxelo efikelelekayo-bume bonke voters, kuquka okkt abanezidingo ezikhethekileyo.
TST ngu-nako ukuba umgwebi enokwenzeka irregularities kwi-unyulo, ngokunjalo ukukhangela inkqubo yonyulo propaganda, phakathi kwezinye imisebenzi.
I-Superior Militar Inkundla siyinxalenye Military Lobulungisa, leyo linoxanduva elitshutshisayo kwaye judging military yolwaphulo-mthetho. STM iqulathe elinesihlanu lifelong-mphathiswa ukuba abakhethiweyo Ngumongameli we Kwiriphabliki emva Yeengwevu ke, ukuvunywa kwaye uphawu, ekubeni ezintathu kubo Nevi ke generals, zine - Umkhosi ke generals, abathathu kubo Aeronautics' generals anesihlanu zasekuhlaleni abantu (ezintathu umaleko kwaye u-abagwebi okanye amalungu Military Ubulungisa ke Loluntu Nesebe). Urhulumente Inkundla ufumana enye unoxanduva kuba elitshutshisayo kwaye judging iimeko Kwiinkundla System ukuba aren khange subjected ukuba Asebenze, Yonyulo kwaye Military Iinkundla. Urhulumente Inkundla sijongana kunye zasekuhlaleni kwaye, ulwaphulo-mthetho iindawo, apho lwabagwebi umthetho lokuqala anesibini meko. Ngamnye urhulumente, dibanisa i-Federal Wesithili, inamandla ilungelelanise eyakhe Ubulungisa, ngoko ke yayo umbutho iyaguquguquka kulo lonke ilizwe. I-STF (Supreme Federal Inkundla) kwaye STJ (Superior Inkundla Lobulungisa) kuba namandla phezu ngokufanayo federal kwaye urhulumente Justices. Lokuqala umzekelo, iimeko ingaba analyzed yi-federal okanye imeko lwabagwebi. Nezibheno ithunyelwa ku-Federal Jonga Iinkundla, Iinkundla of Justice and Iinkundla ka-Isibheno, ezimbini zokugqibela amacandelo karhulumente Urhulumente Iinkundla I-TRTs ingaba yinxalenye Asebenze Ubulungisa kwi-Brazil babedalwe ukunciphisa umqulu iinkqubo kwi-TST, owenza liqinisekise ngamnye meko ngokukhawuleza kwaye avoiding kwabo concentrated kwi kuphela kwindawo enye (oko bekuya kufuneka i-view-size zophuhliso ukuze anike inkonzo elungileyo).
Kukho ingaba amabini anesine TRTs kwi-Brazil, ngamnye omnye kunye ethile amanani lwabagwebi, covering ethile, imimandla yelizwe: I TREs kukho responsibles kuba yolawulo unyulo ngendlela ethile states.
I-Isijapani-Siseko omiselwe ukuba ngamnye imali yonke imeko dibanisa Distrito Federal (Federal Wesithili) kufuneka isinye TRE.
Baya consist ka - zisixhenxe lwabagwebi, ekubeni abane - ukususela Ubulungisa Inkundla, enye ukususela kummandla apho TRE ibekwe (okanye, ke kubekho, federal umgwebi) kwaye ababini otyunjwe Ngumongameli we Kwiriphabliki, emva ekubeni ekuthiwa yi-Supreme Federal Inkundla. Ngexesha TSE ke engundoqo umsebenzi kukulawula ye-ofisi kamongameli konyulo, TRE ngu eliphetheyo kamasipala wengingqi kwaye jonga unyulo governors, usekela kamongameli-governors, esenethi kwaye urhulumente kwaye federal deputies. I-Jonga Iinkundla kufuneka wenze konyulo, ukubala i-votes, umgwebi nkqubo enxulumene yonyulo indawo kwaye isibonelelo - diplomas ka-ekhethiweyo candidates. I-TRFs babedalwe ukuba substitute i-extinguished Isigqeba Federal de Recursos, ebizakuba i-Isijapani inguqulelo Federal Inkundla Nezibheno.
TRFs ingaba yinxalenye yesibini umzekelo we-Isijapani Ubulungisa Indlela, ekubeni elijongene iinkqubo kunye nezigwebo ye-nezibheno ngokuchasene izigqibo ezenziwe lokuqala isehlo.
Kwaba yinxalenye zasekuhlaleni nako ye-TRF ukuba prosecute nomgwebi amalungelo nokhuseleko ngokuchasene izenzo federal lwabagwebi, kwaye amalungu owakhe TRF, ngokunjalo nako iimpikiswano phakathi federal lwabagwebi okanye phakathi federal kwaye urhulumente lwabagwebi. Ezinye, ulwaphulo-mthetho abilities le Inkundla bamele prosecute kwaye kugweba federal lwabagwebi ngamnye ummandla ophantsi kolawulo, kuquka okkt ukusuka Military Ubulungisa kwaye ukususela Basebenza Ubulungisa, ngokufanayo, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko kwaye iimeko uxanduva kwaye habeas-corpus xa ke nicinge ukuba zithe coercion ukusuka federal umgwebi. I-Sebenza Inkundla apho yabasebenzi okanye umqeshi yiya xa kukho izikhalazo. Lo sasemzini eliphathiswe analyzing kwaye judging la izikhalazo. Ukuba kukho na isivumelwano kwi isigqibo athathwa yi-umgwebi, ke kunokwenzeka ukuba isibheno kwi-Jonga Basebenza Iinkundla. Varas Eleitorais amele lokuqala umzekelo we-Yonyulo Ubulungisa ihamba kunye Juntas Eleitorais (Yonyulo Ibhunga). Inkqubo Yonyulo Lwabagwebi umthetho kwi-Varas Eleitorais I-Juntas Eleitorais abakhethiweyo kuphela amathandathu imihla phambi konyulo, kwaye ingaba iintsinjana kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kwayo. Ngabo eliphathiswe ukubala i-votes kwaye kwelayisenisi i-diplomas ka-ekhethiweyo candidates. I-Federal Lwabagwebi umthetho kwi-Varas Federais, eziya lokuqala umzekelo we-Federal Ubulungisa. Ukuba kukho ayi isivumelwano phakathi omabini amaqela isihlalo, ke kunokwenzeka ukuba isibheno ngomnyaka wesibini isehlo, nto leyo bemelwe i-TRFs.
