Lakhe lokuqala popularity kwi-Brazil sele nge ngoku faded
Njengoko icace phandle, Brazil kuphela Latin i-american eli lizwe apho kungekho mfuneko deter revolutionariesThe colony drifts kwi ukuzimela kwi-phantse uzalise unanimity, kwaye kunye ubuncinane disruption. ngowe Latin Emelika ingaba kujongenwe kunye leqela le ukukhetha allegiances (a deposed Bourbon yomlawuli ophezulu, usurping Bonaparte yomlawuli ophezulu, okanye ndivuma), isiphuthukezi kwi-Brazil kuba akukho loo ngxaki.
Oku provokes precisely oko waba noloyiko
Rio de Janeiro ifumanise ngokwayo, ngokungalindelekanga, iziko le-isiphuthukezi empire. Isizathu ukusaba inkundla ukusuka i-lisbon, ngowe, baphuncuka indlela a isifrentshi umkhosi.
I-royal iqela (namakhaya yi-mad ukumkanikazi Mariya mna kwaye unyana wakhe Dom Uyohane, regent) iyahlala briefly kwi-boa_ vista kwaye reaches Rio de Janeiro kwi-Matshi.
Inkosana regent ngoko nangoko kuthatha amanyathelo ukuphucula Rio ke, isimo kwaye uqoqosho. Niger ke abarhwebayo monopoly uphelile, ukwenza okuninzi entsha urhwebo kwisixeko - ingakumbi ukususela British merchants. Kufanelekileyo maziko waseka (royal unondyebo, national bank, ushicilelo-ofisi, ithala leencwadi, military academy, inkundla lobulungisa) ekugcineni nge royal eyinkunzi. Kwi- Brazil ngu nkqu onikiweyo no emi kunye Portugal, njengoko ubukumkani kwi-eyakhe ekunene. Kwi- i-regent ulandela ukuba isiphuthukezi kwetrone, njengokuba Uyohane VI.
I-extravagance yakhe inkundla arouses republican yeqela eliphikisayo, fuelled yi-umzekelo i-neighbouring I-uprising kwi- kumantla ka-Brazil, kwiphondo Pernambuco, kuphela suppressed emva ezintathu -nyanga military phulo.
Kodwa kuyinto revolution kuwo Atlantic, Portugal, apho uguqula le meko. Yoh VI hurries ekhaya kwi- ukuba confront oku threat yakhe kubathwesa. Yena amagqabi yakhe -yeminyaka ubudala unyana, Dom Pedro, njengoko regent. Ukususela ga iziganeko kwi-Brazil yiya ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kwakhona babe ziqhutywa ngumoya politics kwi-Germany. I-Cortes kwi-i-lisbon kuthatha amanyathelo ukunciphisa Brazil yalo yangaphambili colonial isimo. Kwi-Rio de Janeiro le isenza outrage kwaye i-upsurge kwi-republican sentiment.
Fearful ukuba ulutsha Dom Pedro abe ekubeni ukuba baphile Brazil kwi-i-independence, Cortes ngoku yenza eyingozi mpazamo.
Yona i-odolo regent ukubuyela Niger 'ukugqiba kwakhe ezopolitiko imfundo'. Defying i-Cortes, Dom Pedro iyahlala kwi-Brazil ifomu a kubulungiseleli. Yakhe oyintloko umphathiswa ngu José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, keen losapho ka-Isijapani ukuzimela. Ngoseptemba, enkulu, vula-zezulu yowiso-mthetho ekuhlaleni Ipiranga (namhlanje a ummandla wedolophu ka-São Paulo), Dom Pedro proclaims ukuzimela ka-Brazil. Kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kokuba eli (isikhalo ka-Ipiranga) nguye kuthweswa emperor, njengoko Pedro I. Ngexesha i-isebenziseke necessity ngu kwenziwa ka-lakho, ngaphandle Brazil ezahluka-hlukeneyo, isiphuthukezi garrisons. Ngoncedo Admiral, kutshanje wafika evela Peru ukuba balinde coast ngokuchasene uncedo oluvela Portugal, lo msebenzi ngu largely igqitywe libhunga end ka. Kunye ukuzimela ngoku i-accomplished kunjalo, i-United States uba lokuqala isizwe aqonde Brazil - Meyi. Niger ngolu hlobo lulandelayo isuti njengoko kwangoko njengoko.
Ibhaso wenziwe uphumelele kunye astonishing wawuphungula.
Kwangoko kweminyaka eli inexperienced empire ingaba politically nzima. Omnye umbuzo, kwi lizwekazi kwenye indawo esiza ngaphandle kwi rash, kubaluleke kangakanani le emperor ke personal amandla. Enye yeyona clash phakathi s-kuzalwa Brazilians of European stock kwaye ngokutsha bafika isiphuthukezi (i no ka - rivalry kwi-Spanish colonies phakathi Isijapani royal inkundla, apho sele ngokwayo wafika evela Portugual njengoko kutshanje njengoko, tends ukwenza idolo i-isiphuthukezi - inevitably ebangela wobulali resentment. Imiba kwenzeka a intloko ngaphakathi lokuqala ezilishumi nambini. Ngowe- i-constitutent yowiso-mthetho, phantsi ubunkokheli obulungileyo ye-liberal José Andrada, ubeka phambili umgaqo-siseko ekunciphiseni amagunya ebhunga emperor kwaye yakhe isiphuthukezi advisers. Ekuphenduleni Pedro mna dissolves yowiso-mthetho kwaye exiles ihamba European imigca engenakwenzeka kwi-Brazil. Ngowe- yena isamkele a liberal-siseko Oko usebenza kakhulu ngempumelelo njengoko isiseko lizwe ke urhulumente kude kube sekupheleni i empire kwi.
Yesibini nesiqingatha i-s lithuba iyanyuka iingxaki kuba emperor Pedro.
Ngowe, kwi ukufa uyise Uyohane VI, lowo ulandela ukuba itrone. Yakhe umzamo umthetho wakhe European ubukumkani ngaphandle kokubuya kwi-Brazil ungqina ukuba disastrous ngowe- yakhe younger umntakwabo Miguel seizes kwetrone. Ngexa i-Brazil uba abakwicandelo kwemfazwe ne-Argentina phezu disputed ingingqi kwazeke ukuba Brazilians njengoko Provincia Cisplatina (oku icala river Plate, kwi Roman analogy ka-Overwhelmed ngezi iingxaki Pedro mna abdicates kwi-idolo yakhe isihlanu -yeminyaka ubudala unyana, kanjalo Pedro, kwaye ubuyisela ngowe- ukuya Portugal. Ngokuchasene bonke odds i-dynasty kwi-Brazil iingcaphephe survives a chaotic ishumi-unyaka regency, interrupted nge rhoqo disturbances kwaye zasekuhlaleni imfazwe kwi-amaphondo. Ngowe- ipalamente decrees ukuze -yeminyaka ubudala Dom Pedro lifikile ubudala. Ngowe- nguye kuthweswa emperor Ngexesha elandelayo ileta-century Pedro II ungqina ukuba i kakhulu imodeli ka-a-siseko kwaye conscientious yomlawuli ophezulu. Nguye modest wakhe personal ubomi (ukho nkqu credited kunye iinketho ngokubanzi 'Baba mna yomlawuli ophezulu, ndiza kuba republican'). Nguye bale mihla wakhe passionate inzala kwi-siphuhlisa Brazil ke, imizi-mveliso, iibhanki, railways kwaye telegraph womnatha. Eyona nto umba kulo lonke Pedro ke kukuthi alawule ubukhoboka. African ngamakhoboka zithe wazisa ukuba Brazil elikhulu amanani, ukususela th century onwards, ukusebenza kwi-sugar plantations. Ngexesha i-independence, s, ngamakhoboka comprise isiqingatha i bonke (yaphantse ezine zeerandi, malunga umnyama, amabini anesine European, ishumi elinesixhenxe mestizo, zisixhenxe indigenous Indian). Ngezi amanani Brazil izintlu yesibini kuphela USA kwi uninzi urgent kwendlela isihloko somgaqo-phinda ngo, ubukhoboka kwaye ngu Pedro yavakalisa ecaleni ka-abolition, kodwa kwempembelelo yomoya plantation abanini-mhlaba kuthetha ukuba inkqubela ngu-mthubi. Nangona kunjalo slave trade kukuba ekugqibeleni waphela kwi. Ingqwalasela ngoko ke sidlula ukuba freeing ezikhoyo ngamakhoboka. I-act ka- liberates zonke ngamakhoboka ekarhulumente kwaye zonke slave abantwana abazelwe ukusuka kulo mhla onwards (inkululeko ke wanika xa baya khona kweminyaka engamashumi amabini-enye). Abaninzi plantation abanini-mhlaba landela kukarhulumente umzekelo, kodwa amanye ama, -Afrika-Americans ingaba? enslaved kwi-Brazil. Ngaloo nyaka Pedro iphumeza umthetho emancipating ezi eseleyo ngamakhoboka. Kwenziwa ngaphandle imbuyekezo yabo abanini-mhlaba, lo mthetho ka-emancipation uba a iyanikela ifekta kwi-sudden end ye-Isijapani empire. Nangona revered yi-uninzi yakhe subjects, abo yakhe ende alawule sele azisa elikhulu ukwanda nempumelelo kwabo, kukho ezibalulekileyo nenamandla pockets ka-kuchaswa ukuba Pedro ke umthetho. Republicans fumana imperial i-Brazil embarrassing anomaly kwi-Latin Emelika.
High-ranking umkhosi amagosa resent Pedro ke determination ukugcina military ngaphandle politics.
I-clergy ingaba unhappy kunye yakhe amanyathelo umda kwempembelelo yomoya ebandleni.
Ngoku, ukongeza, pockets ka-anamandla plantation abanini-mhlaba zithe betha yi-emancipation ye-ngamakhoboka kwi. Isiphumo, kwi, yi military coup izisa kakhulu sudden ekugqibeleni. Pedro isamkele imeko kwaye abdicates Yena nosapho lwakhe yiya kwi exile Aseyurophu.
